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Bee Gees go back to their roots

Bee Gees Robin and Barry Gibb were returning to their roots on Wednesday
to open a school recording studio named in memory of their brother Maurice.

The brothers were joined by family and friends at Oakwood High School
in Chorlton-cum-Hardy, the Manchester suburb they grew up in.

They also received doctorates in music from the University
of Manchester and a posthumous honour for Maurice.

Barry and Robin Gibb
The Gibb brothers grew up in Chorlton-cum-Hardy, Manchester

Bee Gees Robin and Barry Gibb were returning to their roots on Wednesday
to open a school recording studio named in memory of their brother Maurice.

The brothers were joined by family and friends at Oakwood High School
in Chorlton-cum-Hardy, the Manchester suburb they grew up in.

They also received doctorates in music from the University
of Manchester and a posthumous honour for Maurice.

They also received doctorates in music from the University
of Manchester and a posthumous honour for Maurice.

Maurice Gibb died, aged 53, after
suffering a heart attack in 2003.

Accepting the honorary degrees from university chancellor Anna Ford,
Barry said the ceremony was "overwhelming and wonderful".

The Doctors Gibb

"Maurice would be very proud. He was applauding as well.
He's looking down on us and I bet he wishes he was here.

"This is certainly not because of our education. This is based
on our recording and our music and what this means to people.

"It's tremendous. People who do what we do
certainly don't expect something like this.

"It means a lot to us. There are lots of people
 here today who are very deserving."

Barry, 56, and Robin, 54, posed for photographs and signed autographs
in the cap and gowns on Wednesday before moving on to Oakwood High.

The school was named as a centre of
excellence for the performing arts last year.

The Gibb brothers met pupils who
performed a selection of Bee Gees songs.

Disco spearheads

The musical trio were born on the Isle of Man, but moved with their family to Manchester in
the 1950s, living in Keppel Road, Chorlton, until the family emigrated to Australia in 1958.

The Bee Gees went on to become the fifth biggest-selling pop act of all time,
producing 28 albums and shifting 110 million records in a career that spanned four decades.

After starring in their own TV show in Australia they moved back to the UK
in the 60s notching a string of hits including New York Mining Disaster 1941 and Massachusetts.

Their career looked set to dwindle until they became the unlikeliest spearheads
of Disco music in the 70s providing the funky soundtrack to the movie Saturday Night Fever.

Solo career

The brothers never looked back after that
and became part of pop's aristocracy.

Maurice Gibb died after suffering a heart attack
during intestinal surgery at a hospital in Miami.

His surviving brothers declared that the Bee Gees
had come to an end with his death.

Robin Gibb appeared as a judge on the BBC talent show Fame Academy,
and went on to record with the series' runner-up Alistair Griffin.

He also released a solo album in the wake of Maurice's death,
with songs inspired by the loss of his twin brother.

~~~~~~~~~

Degrees for Bee Gees in Home Town of Manchester

Wed May 12,11:16 AM ET
By Chris Slocombe

MANCHESTER, England (Reuters) - Bee Gees Robin and Barry Gibb returned to their hometown Wednesday to receive honorary degrees and a posthumous degree for their brother Maurice.



 

The musical trio with hits over four decades received honorary doctorates in music from Manchester University.

Barry said: "The ceremony was completely overwhelming ... Maurice would be very proud. He was applauding as well."

 

"Maurice is looking down and thinking 'God, I wish I'd been there.' He would have loved this sort of thing," he added, his silver locks flowing out of a floppy cap on to his red gown.

The disco stars, who now live in Miami, were happy to be back.

"People are the same here as they always have been," said Barry.

Both Barry and Robin, who wore his trademark blue shades with the full academic dress, hinted the brothers planned to record together but were only just emerging from the shadow cast by Maurice's death.

"We cannot be the Bee Gees anymore but we will come together," Barry said.

"Since Mo (Maurice) died, I haven't really been able to go anywhere. This is the first time I have really come to the surface."

But the brothers, who left school early, where overwhelmed by their awards.

"It is a very proud day for our mum," Barry added.

The trio were one of the best-selling pop acts of all time with 28 albums in a career spanning four decades. They performed some of the classic disco songs, including "Stayin' Alive" and "Night Fever."

Robin and Barry declared the band was over when Maurice died from cardiac arrest during emergency abdominal surgery at a Miami hospital on Jan. 12, 2003.

The brothers will go to Chorlton-cum-Hardy, the Manchester suburb where they grew up, later in the day to open a school recording studio to be named in memory of Maurice.

Pupils at the school, Oakwood High, are due to sing a selection of their songs for Robin, 55, and Barry, 57.

~~~~

Posted on Thu, Aug. 28, 2003

NORTH MIAMI
City OK's naming part of NE 18th Ave. for Gibb
Late Bee Gee's legacy lauded
BY DAVID OVALLE
dovalle@herald.com

From the time Flipper was filmed at Ivan Tors' North Miami studios in the '60s to the time when Miami Vice cemented pastel and flamingos as Miami clichés, North Miami has touted itself as the ``Capital of South Florida's Film, Video and Recording Industry.''

Today, the city's slogan may be somewhat misleading. Most filming has moved to South Beach and last year the city folded its Film, Video and Recording Board.

But that doesn't mean the city can't honor its quasi-glitzy past.

North Miami's City Council on Tuesday passed a resolution dubbing part of Northeast 18th Avenue in honor of the late Maurice Gibb.

Gibb died in January at age 53 after emergency surgery for a blocked intestine at a Miami Beach hospital. The late Bee Gee's North Miami connection: His famed band recorded several albums at Criteria Recording Studios, including Saturday Night Fever and Jive Talkin'. The studio, purchased several years ago by New York City-based The Hit Factory, is located at 1755 NE 149th St.

North Miami's ''Brothers Gibb Boulevard'' will be just outside the studio, on Northeast 18th Avenue from Northeast 142nd Street to 151st Street.

''They certainly contributed to the success of the studio and the industry regionally,'' said Trevor Fletcher, the studio's general manager. ``It's about time they were rewarded with something. I just wish it had happened when Maurice was alive to enjoy it.''

The studio has also agreed to pay for ''Brothers Gibb Boulevard'' street signs, although it's too early to tell how many signs there will be and how much they will cost.

High-profile recording artists, from Michael Jackson to Missy Elliott to Alejandro Sanz, have recorded recent albums at Criteria.

Later this year, Miami-Dade County will likely rename its portion of 18th Avenue to ''Brothers Gibb Boulevard,'' said North Miami City Councilman Scott Galvin. Roughly, the county controls the east side of the avenue while the city controls the west side.

''A lot of people don't realize that a lot stuff was recorded in North Miami. North Miami has a huge music legacy,'' said Galvin, whose jukebox at home contains several Bee Gees 45s.

North Miami isn't alone in its attempt to honor Gibb. Miami Beach -- the current hub of South Florida's film, video and recording industry -- will ask voters to rename a South Beach park in Gibb's honor.

Gibb was a longtime Miami Beach resident.

~~~~~

Printed in Sunday Times News, Perth, Australia
March 6, 2005




With 'Saturday Night Fever' soon to hit the Perth stage, GAIL WILLIAMS
talks to Bee Gee Barry Gibb, whose music helped define an era of white
satin suits, fabulous flares and strutting on the dance floor.


The Manchester-laced voice of Barry Gibb - he of the tight pants and
gold chains and the hairy third of the mega group the Bee Gees - says
down the phone that he still calls Australia home. The toothily handsome
Bee Gee is one of the top five most successful artists in pop-music
history. He's in the Rock and Roll Hall Of Fame. His face has even appeared
to a British carpenter on a toasted crumpet, who immediately
interpreted the vision as a sign of the second coming of Christ. But that's
another story.

Let's just say that for a legion of well-worn groover's who cut their
adolescent teeth on 'Spicks and Speck's' Barry Gibb is an all-round icon.

But something's telling Gibb he must go home. And this time it's not to
Massachusetts.

On the eve of the Perth premiere of 'Saturday Night Fever' the musical
which forever cemented him and his brothers Robin and Maurice in the
annals of pop music history, he's hankering after Brisbane's Redcliffe
racetrack, Bunnerong Road, Maroubra, the Palm Lounge on the Gold Coast,
and the town hall at Cohuna in Victoria - all fond memories of a
childhood spent penning heartfelt lyrics and putting them to upbeat tunes while
dreaming of fame and fortune.

Gibb's present home of 26 years is celebrity-studded Miami, a palatial
testament to a realization of those dreams - 110 million times over.
That's how many of his records - with names like 'I've Gotta Get A
Message to You', 'Don't Forget to Remember', 'I Started a Joke', 'To Love
Somebody', 'Massachusetts', 'Nights on Broadway' - have sold over four
decades.

Miami's nice, even with vice, but 39 years after Barry and his younger
twin brothers sailed from Australia on the Fairsky hoping to make their
mark on the international music scene, he wants to revisit his roots.

"Leaving Australia was the hardest thing I have ever done," he says.
"They were probably the greatest years of our lives - larking around on
the beach, going barefoot to school, fishing, playing on the mudflats."

Gibb is remarkably charitable seeing that the Bee Gees left Australia
under a cloud of legal activity with Festival Records trying to prevent
them from going.

And it was a less than enthusiastic public which saw the Gibb brothers,
then aged 20 and 17, seeking new horizons despite having already
written 60 songs that were recorded by others. 'Spicks and Specks', their
first No. 1 single, had just taken off in November 1966.

Gibb, now 58, also reveals he will have to overcome his fear of flying
- something which has plagued him since September 11 - to complete his
planned Australian tour in which he will retrace the steps of the young
Bee Gees who moved from Manchester to Queensland when Barry was just
11.

This, his first Australian tour since 1999, will be without Robin.
While Barry was always seen as the leader of the group, it was Maurice, who
died two years ago just before undergoing emergency surgery, who was
the glue that bound them together.

"Robin and I won't get together to do anything," says Gibb. "We are so
different as people. It was great being together as a band, but much
more difficult being brothers than it was being in a band. We have no
plans to do anything at the moment, but who knows?
"Right now I'm writing songs for me (as well as Sir Cliff Richard and
Barbra Streisand) and I'll keep doing it for as long as I stay balanced
and I don't fall over. Everything seems to be working OK at the moment.
I don't want to live on past records."

It's timely that Gibb plans to tour Australia when 'Saturday Night
Fever' - nearly three decades after the Robert Stigwood film hit world
screens and ended up defining an era - is once again sweeping the country,
this time on stage.

After a successful Melbourne season the show opens in Perth on March
15, offering the Bee Gees' disco beat for a whole new generation with
hits such as 'Jive Talkin', 'You Should Be Dancing', 'Stayin' Alive', 'If I
Can't Have You' and "How Deep is Your Love'.

No one, it seems, is more delighted than the man who made it all
possible, Robert Stigwood, who produced both the 1978 movie and the musical
which premiered in London in 1998.

Stigwood, now aged 70, has been a longtime friend of Gibb's since he
signed up the Bee Gees three weeks after they hit London. He saw the show
recently in Melbourne and declared it the best production he'd seen.

So impressed was Stigwood with Melbourne boy Adam-Jon Fiorentino in the
lead role of the disco king Tony Manero that he could be drafted for
the West End production in London.

Though Gibb has seen the production half a dozen times in London and
New York, he says he can easily resist the temptation to leap up and stab
the air like John Travolta. Apart from the fact he was never really
into disco dancing, he also suffers from rheumatoid arthritis which
prohibits him from dancing.

"I never really did any disco dancing," he laughs. "I would just move
around on the stage. But even now, when people see me in the street,
they point upwards to the sky. It's just something I'll always have to
live with.
"But it's the tennis I really miss. I didn't start playing till I was
about 35 and my joints are no good. I have had an operation on my back
and apparently arthritis occurs with a lot of people who have had back
surgery."

Even when sitting in the audience and hearing the opening strains of
'Staying Alive' - which sold 40 million copies - Gibb barely raises a
goosebump.

"I think (hearing) it's quite fun," he says. "It's great for people who
love dancing. The only thing I miss on stage is the falsetto."

After the huge success of 'Saturday Night Fever', which saw them become
the biggest band in the world, there was shame, stigma and ridicule as
the world left disco behind. The Bee Gees never shook the disco image
despite such achievements as being the only pop group to have written,
produced and recorded six consecutive No. 1 hits on the US charts. Only
Elvis, the Beatles, Michael Jackson and Paul McCartney have sold more
records.

But their songs live on, having charmed three generations of children
and they continue to be parodied in television programs from 'The
Simpsons' to 'The Office'.

Gibb is intrigued, like most people, at the resurgence of the '70s -
the fashion and the old bands touring.

"I think people are going back to it because it was an innocent era and
they just want to live through it all again," he says. "You got to
dress up and wear those great big jeans and a lot of strange clothes."

These days Gibb spends his days ferrying his daughter, 13-year-old Ali
- "a Justin Timberlake fan, no less" - to and from school and writing
songs with his son Stevie, who is in a heavy metal band, Crowbar.

"I still write in the same way that I always did, " he says. "I have a
little dictaphone and if a sound takes my fancy or if a lyric comes to
me in the middle of the night I'll just record it there and then.
Anything can inspire me - a conversation, something strikes you about words
which can end up being a title."

Gibb attributes his creativity to being a left-hander and also to being
badly scalded as a two year old.

"I was given about 20 minutes to live and I can't remember any of it,"
he says. "I think sometimes when you feel so much pain it gets stored
away in your mind somewhere and then it comes out later in some creative
way."

It's the same with the pain of his brother's death, which he says will
not go away. "We were sort of like the three musketeers," he says. "We were all
looking for the same thing. Suddenly one of you is not there. I have to get
used to it, get on with life. Maybe the way to do it is through music -
keeping the music alive."


~~~~
 

A Bee Gees fan sent me this article and thought most fans might be
interested in reading a little Bee Gees trivia. Hope you enjoy it. For the full story, go to
http://www.berklee.edu/bt/141/coverstory.html

On the Watchtower - Albhy Galuten '68

 
  Color photos by Jeremy Goldberg
   

Former hit producer turned high-tech visionary Albhy Galuten '68 is scanning the horizon and charting the future course of the recording industry.

Throughout Albhy Galuten's 30-plus year career in the music industry, technology is a prominent, unifying thread weaving in and out of the colorful tapestry of credits and experience. After getting his start in the 1970s as an assistant engineer for Atlantic Records in Miami, Florida, Galuten spent two decades producing, arranging, and playing keyboards on records by some of the biggest names in popular music. As a producer, Galuten earned a pair of Grammy's, produced 18 number one singles, and saw sales of records he produced top 100 million units collectively. In addition to his many musical contributions, Galuten has made and continues to make substantive contributions to the pop music industry in the technological area. He is credited with creating the first drum loop and with inventing the enhanced CD. In the mid-1990s, Galuten left the studio world to help the music industry sort out issues that seem like the bad stepchildren of modern technology.

These days, as senior vice president of advanced technology at Universal Music Group in Los Angeles, Galuten is the point man in these uncertain times for the recording industry. The boon of expanding Internet connectivity and handheld devices that can quickly download and store up to 1,000 songs ushered in a well-documented downside for recording artists and labels. Rampant duplication and sharing of recorded music for free over the Internet has left many scrambling to protect their intellectual property and wondering whether they will be able to continue to be compensated for their work. Galuten's job is to help the industry stay in business. Like the explorer heading into an untamed wilderness, he sees himself as "the pioneer out in front with arrows in his back." Despite the challenges of charting the course ahead, Galuten told me that he's very optimistic about what the future holds for musicians.


Albhy Galuten (center) with Bee Gees band leader
Barry Gibb (right) and Karl Richardson (left) in a late
1970s recording session. Galuten, Gibb, and Richardson
worked together to produce several hit albums.

Night Fever
Galuten spent several years working with a variety of artists before the opportunity to produce the Bee Gees came in 1976. One of the most successful acts Galuten ever produced, the Bee Gees were among the bands that he first encountered during his tenure with Atlantic. "They had worked with Arif," Galuten said, "and a friend of mine named Karl Richardson had engineered for them. Karl called me in London where I was working with another band and told me the Bee Gees were going to try to produce their next record on their own. They were on a new label, and Karl thought they could use my help. So I came back to Miami to work with them. Barry Gibb [the band's leader] needed a sounding board. We really hit it off working on the Bee Gee's Children of the World album. After that, Karl, Barry, and I produced a whole lot of records together."

The next year, Galuten was in France working on a live Bee Gees record when the group was asked to contribute four songs to the movie Saturday Night Fever. Extenuating circumstances and schedule constraints led Galuten to create the first drum loop for one of the songs. "We really wanted to put the tracks down on 'Stayin' Alive,' recalled Galuten. "But the Bee Gees drummer, Dennis Brian, had gone to England to be with his dad who was ill. Back then, drum machines were really primitive, not even close to what they are today. I had a brainstorm and told Karl we should take a bar from 'Night Fever,' which we had already recorded, and make a drum loop.

"Barry and I listened carefully to find a bar that felt really good. Everyone knows that it's more about feel than accuracy in drum tracks. We chose a bar that felt so good that we ended up using that same loop on 'Stayin' Alive,' and 'More Than a Woman,' and then again on Barbra Steisand's song 'Woman in Love.' To make the loop, we copied the drums onto one-quarter-inch tape. Karl spliced the tape and jury rigged it so that it was going over a mic stand and around a plastic reel. At first, we were doing it just as a temporary measure. As we started to lay tracks down to it, we found that it felt really great—very insistent but not machinelike. It had a human feel. By the time we had overdubbed all the parts to the songs and Dennis came back, there was no way we could get rid of the loop."

In their work together, Galuten and Gibb had tried playing with click tracks, but the music never felt good. "While today's musicians know how to get a good groove with the click," said Galuten, "back then, if you used a click track you rarely got a good feel. The loop crossed the boundary giving us music that was in time with a good feel. If I had been working for a technology company then and knew what I was doing, I would have tried to patent the idea. Nonetheless, it changed a lot of things. That first loop was a watershed event in our life and times."

Galuten continued to work as a producer and session player for artists such as Don Henley, Andy Gibb, Barbra Streisand, Jellyfish, Kenny Loggins, Sammy Hagar, Eddie Money, Diana Ross, Kenny Rogers, Dionne Warwick, and others. When he describes his role on those recordings, he is remarkably self-effacing. "I was on a lot of great records. But to be accurate, I never really played with the Eagles or Rod Stewart on some of them. They would need a synthesizer part and I would be the guy who knew how to get the sounds, find a part that was appropriate, and lay it down. I would put things in that you felt rather than heard. They would reinforce the bottom in the chorus or add structure to the song. At that time, a pop style was developing that would appeal to the masses but perhaps not to sophisticated listeners. I was pretty good at pushing those buttons and helping people to get their records to sound more accessible."

http://www.berklee.edu/bt/141/coverstory.html

~~~~

Karl Richardson

Written by Dan Daley
Mar 1, 2001 12:00 PM

We were bouncing and submixing all of this stuff every step of the way. And we wanted each part perfect, so it became a very punched-in world we lived in.

Each of us knew what the others were good at, and we let each other do those things. The result was hit records.

I have no idea what it's like to be in the studio with Karl Richardson. But I do know what it's like to be out on a fishing boat with him, five miles off of the Miami coast, looking for a different kind of hit. Waiting his turn in the chair rig, Richardson is quiet. He watches what happens during others' stints with the big tackle, with its lines connected to kites trailing the boat to give the bait a wider range. He pulls on an occasional Merit Ultra Light, and it's clear he's having fun, but he rarely seems truly relaxed. He joins in the banter with his once and future cohorts, Ron and Howie Albert, whom he preceded in their long, collective stints at Miami's Criteria Recording Studios, and singer/producer/TV show host (Where the Action is) Steve Alaimo. All four of them are now partners in Audio Vision Studios, a few miles away from the now rehabilitated and renovated Criteria in northeastern Dade County.

Including Richardson's contributions — which include engineering and/or producing records for the Bee Gees (including “Stayin' Alive”), Kenny Rogers (the multi-Platinum “Islands in the Stream” with Dolly Parton), Barbra Streisand (“Guilty”), Eric Clapton (461 Ocean Boulevard), the Ohio Players and Olivia Newton-John — the Platinum quotient of this fishing expedition is approaching 200 million units. But in the end, Richardson is satisfied with a 15-pound dolphin that takes about 20 minutes to land (and gets thrown back).

Richardson was born in Philadelphia, but grew up in south Florida, where he still lives. He attended Citrus Grove Elementary School and North Miami High and had an adolescence that could have been found in the Cleavers' home — if Ward and June had let the Beaver have a garage band.

“It was great growing up down here,” he says. “I got my first job doing live sound at the old World Dance Hall in north Miami, and I was listening to Chuck Berry and The Beatles. I wasn't a musician — I bought a guitar when I was a kid, and I've been thumbing it for the last 40 years but still can't make any sense of it. But I got involved in the technical end of things early on. As kids, my brother and I tore apart TV sets and radios. I had my ham radio operator's license when I was 11 years old. At the World, there wasn't a lot to work with, just some old Altec Lansing stuff, but we could figure out what sounded good, and then we could figure out why.”

That dual affinity for music and technology set the stage for Richardson's career. After a stint as a technician and DJ at a radio station in the Florida Keys, Richardson applied for a job at Criteria Studios in 1967, just as the landmark studio was putting its second room online. Miami's moment in the musical sun was just on the horizon, as a new generation of snow-weary and newly affluent rockers, from the Bees Gees to Eric Clapton to Joe Walsh, were about to descend upon the city and make it a musical Mecca for the next decade. Criteria founder Mack Emerman must have sensed that he would soon need more manpower, because after one interview, he took Richardson on as Criteria's new mastering engineer. And though the gear in the MCI-equipped facility was eye-popping to Richardson, he wasn't going there naively. “At the time I applied at Criteria, I was still in junior college and making $300 a week part time fixing two-way radios,” he says. “That was pretty good money for a college kid in 1967. I gave that up to work for Mack at $75 a week. I went there because I needed to go to something bigger than fixing RF boxes.”
 

MASTERING MASTERING

Richardson stayed at Criteria's mastering lab for the next five years, learning from staffer mastering engineer Chuck Kirkpatrick, whom he eventually became roommates with. Criteria's mastering department was a moment in time: A Scully lathe — vintage even then — had manual adjustments for pitch (the spacing between grooves and a function of volume) and depth (the deepness of the grooves, determined by the depth of the stereo image). Jeep Harned, who owned MCI and had built Criteria's consoles and tape machines himself, had also built the mastering department's stereo compressor, which Richardson says was modeled after a Fairchild. Among the albums that Richardson mastered were records for Stephen Stills, Manassas and the Todd Rundgren-produced Grand Funk Railroad classic, We're an American Band. “They wanted that record on the street in two weeks, so as soon as the mixes were done in the studio, they were sending them down to me, and I was getting them out to the label the same night,” Richardson recalls.

The decision by Atlantic Records' creative brain trust of Arif Mardin, Jerry Wexler and Tom Dowd to make Criteria and Miami their base of operations effectively established a music factory that churned out hit after hit for over a decade. Ron Albert arrived in 1968, and his brother Howie came later after a tour of duty in Vietnam. Richardson had a front-row seat for the historic sessions that resulted.

“It was incredible,” recalls Richardson. “I mean, Tom and Jerry and Arif had the studio booked every day, starting at three o'clock — for years! I was doing maintenance as well as mastering, and I would hang around the control room, waiting for something to break. But I was soaking so much up watching those guys work. The first session I watched them do was Delaney & Bonnie; I saw them record Aretha Franklin's ‘Spanish Harlem’; I watched them produce the Young Rascals. Every day was like that. And it wasn't a matter of looking back and saying, ‘Oh, those records became hits.’ You knew when they were recording it that it was going to be a hit. This was the heyday of Atlantic Records, and Criteria was the place they block-booked to make their records.”

Little by little, Richardson came out of the shadows of the tape machines in the corners of the control rooms and was soon sitting at the console doing horn section overdubs for Delaney & Bonnie and others. The first major record he would gain credit on as an engineer was 1973's In the Right Place by Mac Rebennack, aka Dr. John. “The record was produced by Alan Toussaint, and this was the record that put Mac over the top on the charts,” says Richardson. “He had been a cult figure up to that point, but now this record was on Atlantic, and they were pushing for it to be big. The band Alan brought down was The Meters, and Mac wanted his horn guys from New Orleans — he called them the Bonnaroo Horns, which is some Creole word that means ‘really, really good stuff.’ The Neville Brothers sang backups. This was the kind of thing I had been waiting five years to do.”

But in Miami in those days, a studio owner was hard-pressed to take a guy like Richardson away from the other things he could do well. So in addition to a growing number of artists and producers who were requesting his engineering services, he kept on mastering and maintaining, including spending two weeks modifying two MCI consoles to accommodate the 24-track machines that producer Bill Szymczyk wanted to use for The Eagles' Hotel California record.

Richardson had to keep the machinery well-oiled; Atlantic's demands on the studio continued to increase, with Mardin doing charts, while Dowd engineered and Wexler looked for songs and did A&R. The Dixie Flyers were hired as one of several house bands, all of which were put up in the 1950s-era hotels along the beach and would cram into Rascal House at 3 a.m. after sessions for dinner/breakfast before the next round of Brook Benton, Aretha Franklin and Petula Clark sessions started later that day. And if Richardson wasn't recording them, then he was mastering them. “And when you could compare all of those mixes day after day on the same equipment, boy was I getting an education,” he says.

If Dr. John launched Richardson's career behind the console, then Eric Clapton secured it. 461 Ocean Boulevard, in 1974, was Clapton's return from the netherworld of rock ’n’ roll excess. “Tommy [Dowd] got the call out of the blue from Eric one day, telling him he was back on the planet and was coming to Miami to make a record,” Richardson recalls. Dowd called on Richardson and on musician/arranger Albhy Galuten, who had worked on the Derek & The Dominoes record with Clapton and Dowd several years earlier and who now was renting the living room, for $25 a month, of the house that Richardson and Kirkpatrick shared. “It was old home week at Criteria for that record,” Richardson says. “Me, Tom, Albhy, the Alberts, everyone. We were sharing work, we were sharing girlfriends.”


TRANSITION TO PRODUCTION

Richardson and Galuten would share more than that in years to come. Arif Mardin brought the Bee Gees to Atlantic, and Robert Stigwood then took them onto his RSO Records, a custom label distributed by Atlantic. But when Stigwood and Atlantic split in 1975, Dowd, Mardin and Wexler, as Atlantic staffers, were no longer available to work with the brothers Gibb, and Richardson and Galuten filled the breach, beginning a long collaborative career where Richardson supplied the technical chops and Galuten the musical interface. Their first co-production together, the Bee Gees' Children of the World, was also the point in time that Barry Gibb “discovered” his falsetto, the vocal gag that turned the Bee Gees from a shaky pop band into a dance music juggernaut.

The Bee Gees were a vocal band, and recording them was something that Richardson eventually got down to a science. “All the harmony parts were doubles and triples, and we would set the boys up on a single microphone — usually a Neumann U67 or U87 — and whoever was singing lead would go in the middle, in cardioid, with the guys standing in front of the pattern,” says Richardson. “I tried it in omni a few times, but for some reason it just never worked with them. It's one of those things where the textbook tells you one thing and reality tells you something else. The nature of their voices lent themselves to recording this way, too: Robin almost always had this cool vibrato in his delivery; Maurice had hardly any; and Barry would sometimes have vibrato and sometimes not, and when he did, it was more like tremolo. This gives you a very unique blend, which might at first seem very different from one another, but you have to remember that they're brothers, so they have this DNA thing going.

“I used to keep two 24-track machines in the room so we could record a lot of tracks of vocals and then bounce them down, using Dolby A noise reduction. So a lot of the Bee Gees' vocal tracks are second-generation tracks. We needed a lot of tracks because Barry liked to experiment with sounds. On ‘You Should Be Dancing,’ we had 18 tracks of percussion alone. We needed more people to play, so we went next door and got Stephen Stills and Joe Lala out of a session with the Alberts and had them come in and play congas and triangles and such. We got this Phil Spector ‘Wall of Percussion’ effect. We were bouncing and submixing all of this stuff every step of the way. And we wanted each part perfect, so it became a very punched-in world we lived in.”

Ron Howard remembers how musicians like Stills would wander out from his sessions into Richardson's Bee Gees dates and how Richardson remained unflustered. “Stephen would just walk unannounced into a vocal session and start playing percussion, and Karl wouldn't miss a beat, open up a mic and get him on tape — and they'd keep it!” Howard recalls. “And not many people realize it but Karl was the first guy to make a tapeloop and record an entire hit single — ‘Stayin’ Alive' — way before there were drum machines. He's pretty fearless when it comes to cutting up tape, yet he made the transition to Pro Tools seamlessly.”

Richardson and Galuten and Barry Gibb were the natural choices for producers when youngest Gibb brother Andy made his major-league debut with 1977's Flowing Rivers. It was during this period that Richardson says he felt the most confident in himself as a producer, largely due to the sense of openness and honesty that had evolved between him, Galuten and the Gibbs over the course of several records. And, if there is a key factor to long-term success for production teams, particularly ones that are brought together by serendipity like this one was, then it's that mutual trust and a clear division of talents — and respect thereof — is a must. “That's definitely true,” says Richardson. “Each of us knew what the others were good at, and we let each other do those things. The result was hit records.”

Which kept on coming. The Bee Gees' successes engendered demand for both their songwriting and production talents by other major artists, and Richardson found co-production credits on records for Barbra Streisand, Kenny Rogers, Dolly Parton and others during the 1980s as a result. “We had to turn people down it got so busy during that period,” he remembers. “We would do things like go to Los Angeles for a day to do Frankie Valli, then fly back and do the mix for ‘Guilty.’” (Which was the first mix done at the Bee Gees' new studio in Miami, Middle Ear, in 1980.)


DAYS ON BROADWAY

But what serendipity gives, it also takes away. If Richardson felt empowered by the team's growing successes, then it also made him more assertive in certain areas, one of which was his suggestion that Andy Gibb formally join the Bee Gees, which did not sit well with Maurice or Robin Gibb at the time. An incident in which Richardson replaced an acoustic guitar part played by Maurice Gibb on a track sparked what Richardson called a feud between them. The team spirit was further drained by a creatively fallow period for the band in the mid-'80s in the wake of a $200 million suit against RSO. “The sense of cohesion and creativity was beginning to peel away,” Richardson recalls. “Albhy had already moved on to other things. It may have been time for this to happen.” Any esprit de corps was dashed completely with Andy Gibb's death in 1988 from heart failure. (Ironically, just before Andy's death, the Bee Gees considered including him officially into the band.)

But, by then, Richardson had not only departed the team but was also reinventing himself, this time as a sound designer for Broadway shows, which also led to recording cast albums. His repertoire now includes The Scarlet Pimpernel, Jekyll & Hyde and Civil War. The shift came when he met budding composer Frank Wildhorn in Orlando and formed a professional relationship that Richardson says “has driven the last 10 years of my life.” But, as when he went from fixing radios to audio engineering, he realized he needed mentoring — “dozens of wireless microphones and 75 speakers for one show was very different from making records,” he exclaims — and found it in two veteran Broadway sound designers and FOH engineers, Scott Stauffer and Cindy Hawkins, whom he credits as his “Broadway gurus.”

Karl Richardson has now become the Pro Tools guru for Audio Vision, and the studio is expected to have added new rooms by the end of the year, one of which will be Richardson's Pro Tools editing and recording suite. Yet another reinvention of the self. But, in retrospect, he says he would not change a thing. “It's really been one heck of a ride,” he says, “and it's not over yet.”

Dan Daley is Mix's East Coast editor.
 

The Rise and Fall and Rise of The Brothers Gibb
by Mitchell Glazer
give me a bee, give me a gee,
give me a million seller

Playboy 1978

   Albhy Galuten looks like he’s been stuck in an elevator for a couple of years. He’s got the half-mad, blind smile, the dilated pupils of someone who’s been trapped a very long time. Albhy is barefoot (always is) and his toes clench the thick shag carpet. His eyes and the shadows that circle them are one. Albhy survives on quarts of Red Zinger tea, avocado sandwiches and his share, as coproducer, of the 12,000,000 albums the Bee Gees have sold in 1978.
   "It’s out of control," he mutters, shredding his beard with mandarin fingernails. "The f-----s just keep selling…a million a week these days. The Bee Gees are the charts." A woman pads into the studio with fresh Zinger. "Most guys, and believe me, I’ve worked on a lot of records, get so-o-o paranoid when you ask them to do a track over. They think, Jesus, my ----‘s too small." Galuten’s beard-tangled face breaks into a grin. "Not the Gibb brothers. No way; those guys know exactly what they got.
   Barry Gibb leans heavily on the throttle, swallowing yards of bottle-green Biscayne Bay. Gibb’s lovely Lynda II takes the light chop like a straightedge, leaving the residential islands that litter the bay quickly behind. Turning from the Miami dockyards, he heads for the choice waterfront strip known locally as Millionaire Row. During Miami Beach’s early baroque boom years, Spanish mansions complete with sculpted grounds and imported marble patios sprang up along certain sections of the bay. The ocean front was sacrificed to the hotels, but the bay, sprawling the length of the island (and separating it from the Miami mainland), belonged to the rich. Where once the old money settled in lush pockets, now the new ruling class—Anita Bryant, the Bee Gees and their producers—thrives. We take air over a wave and Barry, digging the extra jolt, laughs out loud. He looks as if he might inhale the whole bay. His once-brown hair, after a year in California and Florida, is sun-baked blond. It coils in thick waves over the South American sweater he is wearing. The boyish face that sent Sixties teens spilling into their album jackets is covered by a closely cropped beard. Once tight and all teeth, the face has grown handsomely into itself. As has Gibb himself. At 31, the man is at the top of his fame: The Bee Gees’ Saturday Night Fever sound track might well be the best-selling album of all time; during a few weeks this spring, the brothers—Barry, Robin and Maurice—had written, produced or sung a historic five of the nation’s top ten singles; they co-star (with Peter Frampton) in the extravagant Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band film; and are preparing for a three-day stand in late August at Madison Square Garden. The Bee Gees’ financial dominance of the recording world is unmatched. And these days, Barry heats the air around him with the grace and pure rightness of stardom.
   Four-year-old Stephen Gibb lurches over to his father’s pants leg. Clutching two cans of potato chips and keeping his balance proves too much. Barry feels desperate tugs and looks down. "Hello, sailor," he says, picking Stephen up in one arm. As the two bounce along toward Miami Beach, Barry screams over his shoulder, "I don’t want to stop."
   "Don’t," his wife, Lynda, whispers to herself. She shifts, cat-comfortable in the sun. Lynda’s a heartbreaker—the Technicolor, plush beauty James Bond would have picked up in a casino. Dark hair, light skin, a sculpted body, Lynda is also the mother of Barry’s two children, with the hands and humor to prove it. "Soon Barry will disappear again," she sighs. "During the last album, Stevie asked if he was getting a new daddy." Deadly cheeks flash with her smile. "The studio is his drug. But to Barry, the family is everything. His parent live five minutes from us. His brother (Maurice) lives six blocks away with his in-laws and their kids. And," she touches my arm for emphasis, "Barry moved my family here from Scotland. Quite honestly, I couldn’t see it. I love them and all, but I’m a 28-year-old married woman; living with my parents seemed a bit odd. But Barry really wanted it and he’s been right. For him, having the family around is vital."
   Lynda II eases to a idle as Barry pulls her close to the house. An impressive coral mansion (flush on the tourboat route), it’s part of the Barry Gibb compound that spills out to the bay with a pool, tennis courts, dock and cabana. "I’d never sell this place," Barry says as personal manager Dick Ashby ties us up. "Between buying and fixing it up, we spent about $500,000. Already, some Frenchman has offered us more than twice that." He laughs, shaking his head. "That poor guy keeps calling and offering us more and more. He thinks we’re playing for the cash; I guess he can’t understand. This is my home." Lynda lifts a squirming Steve over the fence to Dick and then climbs out herself. Barry and his father-in-law clip on the wire winch lines to pull the boat out of the water. To do this, Gibb leans down and reaches for the ladder to steady himself. In what seems like slow motion, Barry’s face freezes in panic and the ladder and the superstar tumble Jerry Lewis style into the water. Spraying bay water, jumps back onto the boat. Ashby hangs on the fence, gasping with laughter. Barry surveys himself—soggy sweater, jeans and all—and announces, "People say to me, ‘Hey, what is it like to be Barry Gibb?’ Well, I will tell you. I am just a wi-I-ild and cra-a-azy guy."

   Her shirt says Foxy Lady, but she’s just a little girl. The T-shirt and those tight French jeans bind, rather than shape, her young body to fashion. She wears stacked, open-toed platform shoes and red nails. She nervously flicks Marie Osmond bangs from her baby face. "I’m just their sister," she says shyly, motioning around the living room at the missing Bee Gees. ?My name’s Beri I’m just their little sister." We both watch her brother Robin, newly arrived from England, tie up his boat. "It’s very nice here." Her voice a soft blend of accents. "I’m 14 and this fall I’ll start school in Miami Beach. I’ve even found a good friend here. Her name is Donna. She’s great. I tell her who’s in town, you know, when my brothers are in, and she’ll come over and tell me about her dates. She’s 18; I tend to like older people." Beri drums a rolled-up record trade paper on the coffee table and talk naturally turns to music. "I tell you, I’ve been wasting a lot of time" She is serious. "I’ve never gotten to a studio, never cut a song." Robin approaches us, the sun setting dramatically behind him. "Really," "you can’t be too young to start. I remember wrestling on the floor with Andy (Gibb) only a couple of years ago. Now look at him. Maurice and Robin were six and Barry nine when they started."
   Robin has a fragile, gun-shy quality. His pale face and delicate bone structure contrast with Barry’s athleticism. Fittingly, it was Robin who sang the quavery, tender ballads swamped with strings—Holiday, I Started a Joke, How Can You Mend a Broken Heart—that locked the Bee Gees’ early career. He was the one with the finger in his ear. Robin may be the most eccentric brother; he draws imaginative pornographic sketches and during the long nights in the studio, writes descriptions of every session in tiny, undecipherable handwriting. He has been known to unsheath a vicious sense of humor on unwary interviewers.
   Robin rests on the couch and begins playing with a Polaroid instant-movie camera given to each brother by manager Robert Stigwood. Watching Beri walk to the kitchen, he leers, "She’s grown up quite a bit, she has." Through the window, a veritable sitcom is being enacted—kids and boats; grandparents and roadies. Stephen, naked except for a Batman mask and a towel cape, chases his father to the swings.
   "I’ve got a place something like this back in Surrey," Robin says, "I fish in the river, play tennis, I spend lots of time with my wife and kids. A quite sane life. You see, we never had this as kids. Maybe never had a real childhood. We were always too busy working, singing on the road." The doorbells rings and Stephen walks in, still the naked Batman. Robin lets him back into the yard. "We had to make our own lives stable. In the early days, we practically had to work to live. Our family didn’t have much money, so I think they had to make it on us. My father was 41 when we moved from Manchester to Australia. We left nothing behind, except Manchester, and I wouldn’t want to die there.
   Barry walks in and puts a video cassette of a recent Midnight Special into the Betamax. As the camera zooms in on the three brothers sitting at some anonymous LA. Poolside, Robin says quietly, "I suppose I’ve got to look back fondly on my childhood. I got no other life."
   Engine noise steams the air brown. Stock cars chew up the track, raining burned dirt and rubber into the grandstand—and they love it. British welders, miners, truckers, raw drunk at the Redcliffe Speedway on a Sunday in 1956. Fueled by the gas fumes and ale, they manage a few mongrel cheers for the three local boys who will sing while the midget-car race is arranged. These brothers call themselves The Rattlesnakes: Maurice and Robin Gibb, seven and big brother Barry, ten. Their father, a natty ex-drummer on the Liverpool ferry, points them towards the infield’s grassy patch. In wavering harmony, they sing a couple of originals; "Let Me Love You" and their favorite, "Twenty Miles to Blueland." The last chorus is drowned in the midgets’ mosquito drone, but the crowd cheers the boys’ cuteness. A few shillings flash through the air onto the dirt oval. The boys bow (pros to the end) and scramble onto the track to dig for their money. The next race is announced.
   "So you strap on these boots that are bolted to the ceiling,    Right; and you’re wearing these leather suits all slits and zippers, and then, if you want, they roll out the dull guillotine. Those quaint L.A. sex shops are quite a laugh." Maurice doesn’t give you tome to laugh. He’d rather rock into some twisting, high-speed conversation with himself. "That way, I cut out the middleman. And, besides, no one listens to me, anyhow."
   Miami’s permanent mercury-vapor light sunset keeps the ghettos pink as we head for Criteria Studios. The expressway skirts the ghetto, which bathed in the high-intensity crime-prevention light, just might be the funky source of the whole Miami music Business. Liberty City, they call it. A tough, sad and totally soulful few blocks that rock with a unique blend of straight R&B and loping Caribbean junkaroo. T.K. Records, the dirty old bastion of the Miami Sound, grabbed home-grown marvels like George McCrae, Berry Wright and K.C. and The Sunshine Band and built an industry power. T.K. simmered in its Hialeah warehouse while Criteria Studios in North Miami strutted into the picture. Attracting producers like Tom Dowds, Arif Mardin and Jerry Wexler, all legends in R&B, Criteria gained the reputation of a solid-gold soul factory. In the mid-Sixties, it was practically an Atlantic studio; Aretha Franklin, Brook Benton, Ray Charles and the upstart Allman Brothers might be there in the same week. Rumors of tighter-than-a-soul-shake sessions filtered to England, and Eric Clapton came to record his cry of love, "Loyla. Chicago, Crosby, Stills & Nash and the Average White Band moved in. And when the Eagles needed a punch, they came down to record One of These Nights.                 Another band in search of a new sound, the Bee Gees, latched on to Miami Funk and now little brother Andy is finishing up his new album there and Maurice intends to liven up the proceedings. With almost rehearsed timing, Maurice turns the radio on and Andy’s Thicker Than Water is beginning. He leans toward the dial and mock-sneers, "So now our baby brother’s sneaking up to knock us off. I’ll kill ‘im, I will." He turns the song up. "It’s funny; years ago, we’d a been furious if Andy bumped us from number one. Jesus, the three of us were fighting amongst ourselves to be the biggest star. Now, like Barry says, it’s all in the family. Barry wrote and produced the bloody song, anyhow."
   Maurice fights a cold that’s been wasting Miami. "You make that noise in L.A. and the fools say, ‘got any left?’ The old L.A. sniffle. It got so if I wanted something to drink, I’d order Pepsi; otherwise, I’d get a rolled-up $20 bill and a mirror, and I don’t even mess with drugs anymore." Maurice, since early in their career, has been painted in the press as the reckless Gibb brother. Once married in true pop-star fashion to British singer Lulu, Maurice caromed around the English music scene with a vengeance. These days, with stability and maturity, the Bee Gee role model he is eager to erase the old image.
   "I know you’ve heard the old stories of me bein’ a real loon. You’ve heard that rumor that I drove an Aston Martin off a pier and left it in the water." I’d never heard that rumor anywhere. But Maurice, stone-serious for the first time, confesses. "It honestly never happened. What you got to understand is that I had my first Rolls at 18. By the time I was 21, I’d had five Rollses and six Aston Martins. So, naturally, at that age, you get subjected to drink and all kinds of drugs and things." It is easy to imagine the carefree teenage Maurice, even though his prematurely thinning hair ages him beyond his 28 years. There is a warmth in his eyes that is often lost in his furious routines. His handsome tan face, even in mid-joke, seems shaded by sadness.

   "I tried grass and it only made me sick . . . so I drank. Mostly beer and such, but even that didn’t mix with the driving. I swear, I never had all those accidents everyone says I had." He seems almost apologetic for the frenzy of the times, for the boundless rock-‘n’-roll rush of being a teenage in late Sixties London. "Imagine. We arrive after three weeks on a boat from Australia, where we’d had 13 flops in a row and one hit (Spicks and Specks), and almost immediately are signed by Brian Epstein—Brian bloody Epstein—and his partner, Robert Stigwood. And all of a sudden, the singles happen. So it’s, "Here’s the advance money, boys.’ You go wild, Buy a Rolls, a Playboy Pad in Belgravia. You’re boozing it up with the Beatles. It was to much." Even after the tolls and emotional bettering when Maurice re-creates those days, his speech shifts into high gear. It’s almost as it, to compensate, he as to remember the confusion, straighten himself out with the pain of that era. "I dunno," he half laughs. "The strongest drink I touch now is Pepsi. But I guess I’ll probably have that image of being a lush for quite some time."
   He ends the manic soliloquy with memories of his childhood. It somehow justifies everything.
   "We lived a real showbiz life as kids. My father never called me son or good lad; it was always, ‘Ya sung that flat.’ But I can honestly say our father taught us professionalism; No matter how miserable or depressed I feel when we get onstage, the audience gets a happy show. That’s what being a pro is about."
   Harper Dance, Criteria’s receptionist/traffic cop, greets Maurice and directs him to the newly finished studio D. Criteria—home of Eric Clapton, Crosby, Stills & Nash, Aretha Franklin—has never witnessed anything like this Bee Gee assault. Main Course, Children of the World, Here at last . . .Bee Gees . . .Live and Saturday Night Fever, all recorded or mixed here, are platinum sellers or better. There is an electric shudder when the band is around. Tonight, Andy puts the vocals on a possible single for his next album, Shadow Dancing.
   The studio, even with its inlaid wood, stained-glass "skylight" and multicolored couches, looks severely live in. Brown bags from the 7-Eleven, teacups, soda cans, ashtrays full of butts—all attest to the months of recording.
   Andy pulls out a folded piece of pink paper and almost defensively reads aloud: "Dear Andy, your last album is never out of my mind. I love you so. Have you named your new album yet? I think Dusk would be nice."
   "Stop, please stop." Barry shields his face in feigned horror. "Enough of this teenage idol worship. I’ve heard it all.
   "That’s right," Albhy agrees. "Barry’s only interested in chicks who collect chest hair." Barry rears back in his chair and, laughing helplessly, yanks the headphone hanging around his neck.
   The studio rolls with the ease of a true family. Coproducer Karl Richardson, Albhy and Barry have worked as a production team ever since that moment in 1976 when they knew Mardin was being made unavailable. Mardin (R&B producer extraordinaire, with, among others, Aretha, Average White Band and The Rascals to his credit) had worked the Bee Gees’ image-shattering, platinum Main Course LP. It was naturally, assumed he would do the follow-up, Children of the World. But RSO Records (Stigwood’s and , therefore, the Gibbs’ company) had switched distribution from Atlantic (staff producer Mardin’s company) to the German-based Polydor. "We panicked," Barry admits. "We knew we had that feeling out. We originally went to Richard Perry, who’s a good producer, but the communication wasn’t there
   "That’s right," Maurice adds. "He was always on the phone.
   Barry continues, "then we knew we would come back here to Miami and work with Karl, who’s a genius engineer and knows us from Main Course. But the problem was, we needed ears in the box. Someone to listen and give us help while we were recording----".
   Maurice picks up the tale, "Karl knew this guy Albhy, who’d worked with Clapton and such. At first, I saw him barefoot an’ all, eating his bloody grease tree sandwiches, and I was a bit frightened."
   Barry shrugs off the interruption and explains his fear about the new relationship. "When I walk into the studio. I have a complete picture of what the song will be like as a record. I know when and where the strings will be, what the horns should be like; the finished product. So you try to share your picture. Well, to a certain extent, because whoever wrote the song can’t give the picture away; it’s impossible." He smiles at my confusion.
   "My original struggle with Albhy was about this. I would play him a song on the guitar and he couldn’t hear how it would come out. He’s day, ‘I just can’t see it." But what made it work was, he trusted me and went along blind in some cases. That’s how our production started. On a song like Stayin’ Alive, I could hear the choir and the orchestration, but couldn’t put it into practice, translate it for the musicians. Thia is what Albhy does."
   Karl has the forest of levers arranged for another go at the tune, so Andy walks back into the soundproof room. He asks for the lights to be lowered, until all that remains is a slight halo about his blond hair. Barry pushes the SPEAK button. "Now, Andy, come closer to the mike and get a little sexy with these lyrics."
   Andy’s voice fills the room: "It’s hard to get horny in a hospital."
   The studio is Barry’s environment. He rocks slowly to the song, eyes closed. When the take is finished, he leans over and says to Andy, "Give me more fire." Barry is the master here. He cocks his head, sifting imperceptibly different versions of the same line, doubling and tripling some to create a seamless living lead vocal. Barry’s confidence pervades the whole session. There is no rush. "And again," he says mildly when a word is bungled. When a take appears perfect and everybody in the studio smiles in unison, Barry still asks his younger brother, "Can you beat it, mate?" Each phrase is taken apart, tested on it own and then refitted into the whole, until all the pieces are polished into one achingly perfect his record. To watch this process is to watch success. Barry’s control of this art is awesome. "We overdubbed a breath once," he says. "The song was right, but there was a breath missing, so I went in there and put it in."
   It’s all part of his picture. As Mardin said recently, "Somewhere along the line, Barry became completely in tune with the times. That’s the phenomenon. It hasn’t happened many times before, but he has totally locked into what people are hearing. And what they want to hear. This is surely his time."
   Barry agrees. "It’s a matter of arriving at now. We had always done things out of time. All our lives. When we were kids, we had a sound similar to the Beatles’, very melodic, with harmonies. So they came along first and it was their story. We worked in night clubs when we should have played to kids. We’ve always done things strangely. At last, we are now doing things for now in a whole sphere of now."
   Zen rock. Inner R&B. The ability to seize the musical moment and make it your own. When Mardin first came to produce the brothers, he found them frighteningly out of step with their own industry. As Barry says, "We were locked into those dreary love song." They became convinced that was all they were capable of.
   Robin says, "We began to play it safe and people got bored with us. If you try to stick to the secure, you stagnate. And, besides, believe me, nothing last long in this business. As long as we can keep ahead of the ball game, we’ll be all right.
   The first thing Mardin did was insist the Gibbs buy and really study the top 20 records. And they did.
   At night, the Julia Tuttle Causeway arcs from Miami to the beach like the top half of a Ferris wheel. It spllits the black bay, bright and hard-sell, a concrete shove toward hotel row. The Bee Gees have traveled this route every night since they arrived in Miami to work on their new album, "Main Course." It’s a quiet car that heads back to their rented Ocean Boulevard home. They have left the studio later than usual; the sessions are not going as well as Barry hoped and, after the failure of their first collaboration, "Mr. Natural," he is beginning to doubt himself and Mardin.
   Barry, Lynda and Maurice are in the back seat; Ashby and Robin are up front. As they hit the causeway, the metal bridge supports bop the tires in an irresistible rhythm. Ch-ch-ch. Lynda has never heard it before; after all those late-night rides, she begins to tap her foot in time. "You should write a song to this rhythm," she says, laughing at her husband. Ch-ch-ch. Barry closes his eyes and listens to the funky bridge tattoo their wheels. Before they reach home, the three brothers are singing in sweet, soulful, million-selling harmony: "Ch-ch-ch—Jive Talkin’.
   "It was a revelation," Mardin says during sessions at New York’s Atlantic studios. "We had already heard Nights on Broadway, so I could see the new direction. But when Barry walked in with Jive Talkin’ it proved we were on the right track. Those were some of my most memorable sessions; some of the touchiest, at least in the beginning, but also the most rewarding. It was exciting to see Barry and his brothers coming up with all these ‘new songs.’"
   Robin bitterly remembers the early days of Main Course. "Ahmet (Ehrtegun) was so quick to turn off to us. You know, to say, ‘This is it?’ We thought, Fuck it. They aren’t even going to give us a chance. They were burying us. Only Arif, of all the Atlantic people, kept faith in us.
   We’d been doing this new sound for years; in dressing rooms, planes. Just never on record. The black influence was our original one. Long before the pop ballads. It’s the way we thought and felt, wo we were in a a sense, going back to our roots. To Love somebody was written for Otis Redding. Otis came to see Barry at the Plaza in New York one night, said he loved our material and would Barry write him a song? After he left, Barry sat up all night and wrote To Love Somebody.
"We were stuck in a niche; and after a couple of ballads—Lonely Days, Mend a Broken Heart—went to number one, we couldn’t get out of it. But first and always, we are songwriters; we explore all avenues."
   "I’ve got to finish these string overdubs," Maurice sighs I walk into his paneled study. He hits the tape, intently hunching over the synthesizer. The opening lines of Yesterday spill from the speakers. I think he has made a mistake. Instead, he begins to add orchestration to the song, listening for a open spot and then filling it with sweet strings. "This is something I’ve always wanted to do," he says casually. Over his head hangs a mirror with a a classic picture of the Beatles stamped in black.
   It has been 14 years since the Beatles touched down in New York City in February 1964. First, The Ed Sullivan Show; then America cried, squealed and made them kings. Fourteen years later and John Lennon slips between Japan and the States, dodging his talent. Ringo Starr is dropped by his label (A Beatle dropped!). George Harrison struggles with halting success for a top-20 album. Only Paul McCartney retains his influence. And the Be Gees, the other band on Epstein’s Nems Enterprises roster, dance all over the charts. Creamy ballads, wailing double-tracked falsettos. More than Stayin’ Alive, soaring.

   Ironies crowd one another out. As Stigwood says, "The brothers suffered greatly during the laste Sixties from the Beatle thing. When their first single, New York Mining Disaster 1941, was released, everyone thought it was the Beatles. That hurt them badly."
   Barry admits, "We were very Beatlish in the early days. Our melodies lent themselves to that style. Thank God we got away from them. It could have led us further and further astry."
   "In '67, we came off the powerful Beatle hype machine. It was all publicity." Robin insists. "Everybody thinks we were so successful, we never had a number-one record in those days."
   And now the Bee Gees star as Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band, performing Beatle songs written the year they arrived in London.
   "Kids today don’t know the Beatles’ Sgt. Pepper," Robin continues. "And when those who do see our film and hear us doing it, that will be the version they relate to and remember. Unfortunately, the Beatles will be secondary. You see, there is no such thing as the Beatles. They don’t exist as a band and never performed Sgt. Pepper live, in any case. When ours comes out, it will be, in effect, as if theirs never existed." Could that happen? Will Peter Frampton and the Bee Gees be remembered for, perhaps the epochal rock-‘n-‘roll album?
   "When you heard the Beatles do Long Tall Sally or Roll Over Beethoven," Robin reminds me, "did you care about Little Richard’s or Chuck Berry’s version? The only credit the Beatles get on this film is for songwriting." End of era.
   "Can you see the speed in Robin’s eyes?" Barry asks as we examine the nine-year-old promo shot. The three stand in a wood, wearing fashionable Edwardian gear—solemn and separate. Robin has the lost expression of a Keane child. "We thought the Bee Gees had gone as far as they could," Barry says, laughing dryly. "We were obviously wrong. It was ’69 and the Beatles, everybody, was breaking up. We were in total chaos. The pressure for those two years—’67 to ‘69—the whole teen-idol bit. There was too much money and then the pills took hold. The speed took Robin hard and he was seriously ill for a time." This is painful for Barry to talk about. Even with the gilded success they have now, a shadow crosses his face at these memories. This is a Passion play and he deliver it as a survivor.
   For Christmas, Hugh Gibb bought his eldest son a guitar. Nine-year-old Barry began miming to records until the day the younger twins bought plastic banjos at the five-and-dime and began miming with him. They set up broom handles and tin cans in the living room as microphones. Barry built his brothers their own guitars from round cheese crates and baling wire. It happened suddenly, one day they sang without the supporting record and discovered their perfect natural harmony. Still, their first paying gig at the Gauont Theater in Chorltoon-cum-Hardy was to be miming Tommy S\teele’s "Wedding Bells." On Saturdays, the manager would let the local kids perform during the matinees and all you needed was your own 45. On the way to the show, the brothers’ record fell and cracked. But the Gibbs, troupers all, decided to debut their own act. It was 1955 and they were in the music business.
   We’d sit on one another’s beds and plan our careers all night. We decided when we got to the top, we’d have our own office. We’d give it a fancy name and make important decisions." Barry says, chuckling. "We wanted to get to a point where we’d never have to work again and we’d sit back and enjoy what we’d done. I think sometimes, after all that’s happened, I’m living that dream now. A few years ago, that seemed always and forever out of reach."
   The couch is crowded with pistols and holsters of all shapes and sizes; Lugers, .38 police specials, antique Colts. "All are unusable," my host, Maurice, assures me. Framed on the wall are police badges from all over the nation. His favorite is an official White House guard badge. I admire the Beverly Hills patch (triangular with a goofy palm tree in the middle). Now I am into police patches. Maurice leads me over to a desk drawer. It overflows with police I.D wallets, the kind, Broderick Crawford flashed on Highway Patrol.
   "I was almost arrested in a hotel bar once," Maurice exclaims. "Some fool off-duty cop saw my I.D. and tried to have me arrested for impersonating an officer." Fact is, beyond the collection Maurice does own a very functional revolver. Even isolated in a wealthy enclave, strange things can happen.
"My mum and her friend met a man in a record store," Maurice explains, "and he said he knew Tom Jones or some such nonsense. We’re a trusting family; our background doesn’t include kidnapping and mugging. Anyhow, they disappeared for a while and we were worried sick. We must be more careful."
   Maurice does seem attracted to spontaneous cheap thrills. He recently spent the night with Miami Beach’s Mount Sinai Emergency rescue Team, handling suicides, heart attacks, O.D.s—a serious reality tester.
   "The 15 months we were split up was the best thing that could have happened to us," Maurice says, walking over to the bar for a Pepsi. His attractive blonde wife, Yvonne, brings their 18-month-old baby, Adam, in from the neighbors’. "We were OK separately, but together we’re something else. In the old days, when the publishing credit said, ‘B., R. & M. Gibb,’ and I had nothing to do with it, they would say, "What’s Maurice’s name doing on it? Why’s he getting paid?’ We went through all the little stupid crap. "Who sings lead?’ Who cares, as long as it’s a hit? I don’t care if I don’t have a solo track on the entire album. It’s still a Bee Gees record. All the bullshit is past; now we can handle it. I don’t need any fancy cars in the driveway that nobody can drive. After almost a year and a half apart, we immediately had our first number-one hit in America. Lonely Days. We wrote the next single, How Can You Mend a Broken Heart, in the studio and cut it right away. The roadies were clapping; it was all happening again."
   "Those songs happened too fast." Barry insists. "We wrote them on speed. Because of those two consecutive number ones in 1971, the power took hold again. We thought, God’ we’re at the top again; we’ve made it. Crap, we weren’t at the top of anything."
   Batley’s Variety Club is smoky, jammed with weekenders. The bar disappears under half of Leeds all jockeying for a drink before the show starts. Waitresses joke between tables, eager to make the most of their time. The Bee Gees are headlining to night and, yes, ladies and gents, they’re gonna sing all those marvelous hits you fell in love to. Robin feels sick. Physically ill. He see the bouffants shimmy up front, hears the squeals at the oldies, and he feels faint. In the middle of "Words," a waitress drops a tray of drinks’ some people in the back applaud. It is 1972 and Barry is only 26 years old.
   The show ends and the brothers run backstage. Barry slams the door behind them, pacing the length of the cut-rate Vegas dressing room to turn off the TV set. "this is it," he says. "We’ve hit bottom. We are has-beens. We have to get back up there. It has to happen. I want us to be a force again." Robin nods, thinking, We’ve got to make the people care about us again.

   "We’d lost the will to write great songs. We had the talent, but the inspiration was gone," Barry intones. He perceives that moment in their dressing room as a turning point. "We decided right then we were going to do it and, honestly, it took us five years to get to know one another again. That had to come first. Those five years were hell. There is nothing worse on this earth than being in the pop wilderness. It’s like being in exile." Barry spits that out, hating even to speak those thoughts. "and then other artists treat you like crap. They say, ‘Hey, I didn’t know you were still together." It’s then you realize they haven’t thought of your for years. It’s all ego. This whole business is ego.
   "Mr. Natural was a transitional album, Arif and the Bee Gees had to learn one another. But when I heard Nights on Broadway, I knew there was nothing wrong with this band. We were going to make it."
   The Brothers Gibb, through necessity, evolved their version of the power of positive thinking, the belief that there is nothing they can’t do, no self-imposed limitations or barriers to block their talent. And it isn’t success-bloated egotism, it’s confidence.
   Robin says, "We always had the talent, of course, but it was suppressed. We had convinced ourselves we’d gone as far as we could go. Who says you can’t break barriers and go beyond the stars? Positive thinking is electric. It can make things happen and there is no such thing as failure. Barry and I can sit down and write a top-five hit, like Emotion—for Samantha Sang—in an afternoon."
   Perhaps the model for this born-again fervor is Stigwood. His career has been built on instinctive gambles and as almost stubborn faith in himself. Stigwood has ridden his talent to the peak of the entertainment world. "Both the Saturday Night Fever package and Sgt. Pepper are his projects." A living testimony to positive thinking, he says,"I imagine by my belief and actions I communicated the positive attitude to them. I felt they should keep their feet on the ground and enjoy what they were doing; at the same time, not screw up their lives. You see, they got a lot of tensions, conflicts, which most creative people go through, out of their lives early on. I’ve always said to them there’s nothing in their lives they can’t do." Yet, when the brothers sank deeper into the out-of-date ballands, Stigwood absorbed the loss on a completed album (still unreleased in the RSO archives) and demanded they re-enter the pop mainstsream.
   Criteria’s cavernous orange Studio C breathes tension. Ehrtegun and Stigwood have just arrived from New York, eager to hear some progress in the Bee Gees’ "Main Course" tapes. Ehrtegun, hearing a rough tape of some Gibb ballads (Innocently sent to him by Mardin), intends to check out this new tune, "Night on Broadway," personally. Stigwood has already heard it and for the first time in years is ecastatic about his boys’ sound.
   "Barry, can you give me some really wild ad libs to use on the fade?" arif asks. Barry tries some controlled screams and then walks behind the double-thickness window. The tape roll and Barry begins his ad libs. "Blamin it all," he echoes the verse, over and over. He pushes his voice still higher and suddenly, for the first time in his life, breaks into falsetto. "Can you do that again?" Arif quickly asks over the intercom. Barry see the faces oat the sound board. They all seem to be leaning toward him, listening almost openmouthed.
   He tries the falsetto again, whipping over and through the lyrics, chasing his taped voice all over the song. When it is over, he sees Ehrtegun and Stigwood miming a toast through the window. "Congratulations." Stigwood’s voice rolls over Barry, standing alone at the microphone. "This is the beginning."

   Barry and I walk through the cool back yard to the sea wall. It is just after sunset and the bay and the sky merge slick gray at the horizon. Barry points to a windowless tower across the water. "Do you see that house? That’s my dream right now." The mansion, isolated and medieval, dominates a tip of the next island.
   "People crying out for help. Desperate songs. Those are the ones that become giants," Barry muses. "The minute you capture that on record, it’s gold. Stayin’ Alive is the epitome of that. Everybody struggles against the world, fighting all the bullshit and things that can drag you down. And it really is a victory just to survive. But when you climb back on top and win bigger than ever before—well, that’s something everybody reacts to." Barry turns from his sleeping dream house and says, laughing, "Everybody."